Yes, it is possible (at least I know how to do it on Linux).
As temporary workaround (linux only?) you can use lmsensors wrapped with some script.
Something like this:
sensors -A -u coretemp-isa-0000|grep 'temp1_input'|awk '{print $2;}'
- this will report temperature of the first core in my workstation.
sensors -A -u coretemp-isa-0001|grep 'temp1_input'|awk '{print $2;}'
- another core.
sensors -A -u coretemp-isa-0002|grep 'temp1_input'|awk '{print $2;}'
- 3rd, etc.
Update:
GPU temperature for nVidia cards:
nvclock -T|grep temperature|awk '{print $4;}'|cut -dC -f1